Human respiratory system

MIR ASRAR -

 Ncert shortnotes on human respiratory system

  • Human respiratory system consists of a pair of nostrils, pharynx, larynx, bronchi and bronchioles that finally terminates into alveoli.
  • Nasal chamber open into pharynx that leads to larynx. Larynx contains voice box (sound box) that help in sound production.
  • The trachea, primary, secondary and tertiary bronchi and initial bronchioles are supported by incomplete cartilaginous rings to prevent collapsing in absence of air.
  • Each bronchiole terminates into an irregular walled, vascularized bag like structure called alveoli.

  • The branching network of bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli collectively form the lungs.
  • Two lungs are covered with double layered pleura having pleural fluid between them to reduce the friction on lung surface.

  • Conducting parts include nostrils, pharynx, larynx and trachea. Main functions include-
  1. Transport of atmospheric air to alveoli.
  2. Removing foreign particles from air, humidifying it and bringing it to body temperature.
  • The exchange parts are alveoli. It is the site of actual diffusion of  and C between blood and atmospheric air.

Steps of Respiration

  1. Breathing in which Oxygen rich atmospheric air is diffused in and C rich alveolar air is diffused out.
  2. Diffusion of gases across alveolar membrane.
  3. Transport of gases by blood.
  4. Diffusion of  and C between blood and tissues.
  5. Utilization of  by cells to obtain energy and release of C (cellular respiration).
Location: 3Q7P+HG Srinagar

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